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The twenty imports Turkey is best placed to replace.

Turkey imported USD 208bn of manufactured goods in 2024 and exported USD 206bn. These are the twenty that sit closest to what it already makes well, with how concentrated the supply of each is.

USD 15bnthe twenty, imported in 2024
105products imported at scale, not yet exported well, and close to existing strengths
1789products Turkey already exports well
1867product lines imported at USD 10m or more
The twenty

Demand, capability, exposure. Nothing else is claimed.

Each line shows the import bill, where it comes from, the nearest thing Turkey already exports well, and how many countries make it. It does not say whether a plant in Turkey would pay. That reason is not in any trade record, and it is the maker's question.

This edition is trade and capability only, scored out of 8. The UK edition adds which public bodies buy each product and which region holds the capability; those layers are built only where a country publishes contract awards and regional trade, and Turkey does not publish them in a form this record can read yet.

  1. 1

    Sugars: sucrose, chemically pure, in solid form, not containing added flavouring or colouring matterHS 170199

    Comes fromMorocco 70%, 43 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 121m
    Countries that export it well44

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 329m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 23 per cent (2); Morocco supplies 70 per cent (2).

    USD 329mdown 8% on 2022
  2. 2

    Fertilizers, mineral or chemical: nitrogenous, urea, whether or not in aqueous solutionHS 310210

    Comes fromOman 56%, 35 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 59m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 138m
    Countries that export it well27

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 881m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 25 per cent (2); Oman supplies 56 per cent (1).

    USD 881mdown 52% on 2022
  3. 3

    Insulated electric conductors: ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets of a kind used in vehicles, aircraft or shipsHS 854430

    Comes fromMorocco 32%, 78 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 446m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 359m
    Countries that export it well30

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 572m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 9 per cent (3).

    USD 572mup 37% on 2022
  4. 4

    Fertilizers, mineral or chemical: diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate (diammonium phosphate)HS 310530

    Comes fromMorocco 70%, 15 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFertilizers, mineral or chemical: containing the two fertilizing... (exports USD 57m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 105m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 208m
    Countries that export it well17

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 361m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 31 per cent (1); Morocco supplies 70 per cent (2).

    USD 361mup 70% on 2022
  5. 5

    Tricycles, scooters, pedal cars and similar wheeled toys: dolls' carriages: dolls: other toys: reduced-size (scale)...HS 950300

    Comes fromChina 64%, 102 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 94m
    Countries that export it well12

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 306m, top 7 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 49 per cent (1); China supplies 64 per cent (2).

    USD 306mup 49% on 2022
  6. 6

    Wood pulp: chemical wood pulp, soda or sulphate, (other than dissolving grades), semi-bleached or bleached, of...HS 470329

    Comes fromBrazil 49%, 18 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 47m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 506m
    Countries that export it well11

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 546m, top 3 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 50 per cent (1); Brazil supplies 49 per cent (1).

    USD 546mup 16% on 2022
  7. 7

    Footwear: (other than sportswear), with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materialsHS 640419

    Comes fromChina 37%, 90 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 147m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 143m
    Countries that export it well24

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 488m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 19 per cent (2).

    USD 488mup 65% on 2022
  8. 8

    Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6403, (not covering the ankle), outer soles of rubber, plastics or composition...HS 640399

    Comes fromVietnam 27%, 96 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 290m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 12m
    Countries that export it well26

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 383m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 16 per cent (2).

    USD 383mup 138% on 2022
  9. 9

    Footwear: n.e.c. in heading no. 6402, (other than just covering the ankle), with outer soles and uppers of rubber or...HS 640299

    Comes fromChina 40%, 89 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 267m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 86m
    Countries that export it well16

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 361m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 28 per cent (1); China supplies 40 per cent (1).

    USD 361mup 118% on 2022
  10. 10

    Semiconductor media: smart cards, whether or not recorded, excluding products of Chapter 37HS 852352

    Comes fromChina 47%, 89 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFurniture incorporating refrigerating or freezing equipment: for... (exports USD 571m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 15m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 95m
    Countries that export it well26

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 263m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 41 per cent (1); China supplies 47 per cent (1).

    USD 263mup 92% on 2022
  11. 11

    Electric motors: AC motors, single-phaseHS 850140

    Comes fromChina 73%, 55 source countries
    Nearest export strengthElectrical apparatus: automatic circuit breakers, for a voltage not... (exports USD 151m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 52m; 9 more lines in the heading, USD 919m
    Countries that export it well14

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 191m, top 12 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 42 per cent (1); China supplies 73 per cent (2).

    USD 191mup 14% on 2022
  12. 12

    Motorcycles (including mopeds) and cycles: fitted with auxiliary motor, with electric motor for propulsion, with or...HS 871160

    Comes fromChina 86%, 22 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 45m; 5 more lines in the heading, USD 1.1bn
    Countries that export it well16

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 91m, top 24 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 47 per cent (1); China supplies 86 per cent (2).

    USD 91mup 95% on 2022
  13. 13

    Footwear: parts, outer soles and heels, of rubber or plasticsHS 640620

    Comes fromChina 79%, 47 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 13m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 36m
    Countries that export it well19

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 40m, top 46 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 18 per cent (2); China supplies 79 per cent (2).

    USD 40mdown 4% on 2022
  14. 14

    Propylene, other olefin polymers: polypropylene in primary formsHS 390210

    Comes fromSaudi Arabia 35%, 62 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 108m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 746m
    Countries that export it well26

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 2.2bn, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 43 per cent (1).

    USD 2.2bndown 21% on 2022
  15. 15

    Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.c. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses...HS 300490

    Comes fromGermany 24%, 98 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPaints and varnishes: based on acrylic or vinyl polymers, dispersed... (exports USD 89m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 1.2bn; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 469m
    Countries that export it well32

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 1.9bn, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 45 per cent (1).

    USD 1.9bnup 9% on 2022
  16. 16

    Iron or non-alloy steel: semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel: containing by weight less than 0.25% of...HS 720711

    Comes fromMalaysia 24%, 31 source countries
    Nearest export strengthIron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly... (exports USD 277m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 33m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 2.1bn
    Countries that export it well24

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 1.8bn, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 39 per cent (1).

    USD 1.8bnup 23% on 2022
  17. 17

    Boards, panels, consoles, desks and other bases: for electric control or the distribution of electricity, (other than...HS 853710

    Comes fromChina 24%, 104 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 645m
    Countries that export it well29

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 1.6bn, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 41 per cent (1).

    USD 1.6bnup 28% on 2022
  18. 18

    Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94HS 390110

    Comes fromSaudi Arabia 25%, 56 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 153m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 1.5bn
    Countries that export it well28

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 1.2bn, top 1 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 48 per cent (1).

    USD 1.2bndown 22% on 2022
  19. 19

    Plastics: other articles n.e.c. in chapter 39HS 392690

    Comes fromChina 23%, 129 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 561m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 71m
    Countries that export it well23

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 840m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 43 per cent (1).

    USD 840mup 21% on 2022
  20. 20

    Aluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm, alloys, rectangular (including square)HS 760612

    Comes fromChina 20%, 50 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm, (not... (exports USD 421m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 364m
    Countries that export it well22

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 733m, top 2 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Turkey's export strengths in the top 44 per cent (1).

    USD 733mup 7% on 2022

The bill and its path, the sources and their unit values, who exports the line well, the nearest strengths, the public buyers where a country publishes them, and the method. We reply by email. Privacy

One line per customs heading. Products Turkey already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.

Made here already, still imported

Scale conversations, not capability ones.

  • Vehicles: with only compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine... imports USD 2.0bn, exports USD 484m, top source Spain 42%
  • Tractors: road tractors for semi-trailers, with only compression-ignition... imports USD 1.4bn, exports USD 717m, top source France 26%
  • Iron or non-alloy steel: in coils, without patterns in relief, flat-rolled, of... imports USD 1.1bn, exports USD 495m, top source China 35%
  • Engines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the propulsion of... imports USD 616m, exports USD 77m, top source Romania 55%
  • Iron or non-alloy steel: in coils, without patterns in relief, flat-rolled, of... imports USD 740m, exports USD 248m, top source China 67%
  • Amino-resins: n.e.c. in heading no. 3909, in primary forms, poly(methylene... imports USD 502m, exports USD 140m, top source China 29%
  • Copper: wire, of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional... imports USD 1.0bn, exports USD 664m, top source Russia 69%
  • Vehicle parts: drive-axles with differential, whether or not provided with... imports USD 802m, exports USD 456m, top source Germany 38%
  • Ammonia: anhydrous imports USD 376m, exports USD 120m, top source Algeria 35%
  • Nickel: articles thereof n.e.c. in item no. 7508.1 imports USD 260m, exports USD 44m, top source United States 77%
How the twenty were chosen

Three scores, each from a field the record carries.

Import bill, 0 to 3, by percentile among the 1867 lines imported at USD 10m or more: above the median one point, top quarter two, top tenth three.

Proximity to export strengths, 0 to 3, on the same percentiles: the product-space method (Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi and Hausmann, Science 2007) on CEPII's BACI file of every bilateral trade flow for 2024, 157 countries and 5,388 products. Two products are close when the countries that export one well tend to export the other well. Only products in the upper half for proximity can enter the list at all: best placed is a proximity claim.

Supply concentration, 0 to 2: one point when a single country supplies 40 per cent or more, two at 60 per cent.

Scope. Manufactured goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, excluding ores, fuels and precious metals. Primary agriculture is out of scope for a page about manufacture.

What it cannot tell you

A map of where to look.

Trade data says what crossed the border, not why. Cost, scale, patents, tariffs and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. The world file reconciles what each pair of countries reports, so a national customs file would differ in detail. Nothing on this page is a forecast or a promise.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601, years 2022 to 2024. Edition of 2026-11-03. The UK edition with its procurement and regional layers is at /made-here/.

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