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The twenty imports Hungary is best placed to replace.

Hungary imported USD 125bn of manufactured goods in 2024 and exported USD 145bn. These are the twenty that sit closest to what it already makes well, with how concentrated the supply of each is.

USD 3.7bnthe twenty, imported in 2024
73products imported at scale, not yet exported well, and close to existing strengths
931products Hungary already exports well
1,727public purchases of goods joined to a product family, from Tenders Electronic Daily (EU)
The twenty

Demand, capability, exposure. Nothing else is claimed.

Each line shows the import bill, where it comes from, the nearest thing Hungary already exports well, and how many countries make it. It does not say whether a plant in Hungary would pay. That reason is not in any trade record, and it is the maker's question.

This edition carries public buyers from Tenders Electronic Daily (EU), 4,894 award notices from 2025-11-03 to 2026-11-02, joined to each product's customs heading through a crosswalk we authored. The buyers are shown as context and do not change the score, because award values in these records include framework ceilings and outliers that would distort it. The regional layer (where the capability sits) is built only where a country publishes regional trade by product, and Hungary does not publish it in a form this record can read yet.

  1. 1

    Railway or tramway goods vans and wagons: tank wagons and the like, not self-propelledHS 860610

    Comes fromSlovakia 67%, 5 source countries
    Nearest export strengthRailway or tramway locomotives or rolling stock: parts, axles and... (exports USD 46m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 418k; 1 more line in the heading, USD 81m
    Public buyers in the family2 awards from 2 buyers. Most frequent: MÁV Személyszállítási Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság

    Score 7 of 8: import bill USD 74m, top 25 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 5 per cent (3); Slovakia supplies 67 per cent (2).

    USD 74mfrom USD 8m in 2022
  2. 2

    Cement: portland, other than white, whether or not artificially colouredHS 252329

    Comes fromSlovakia 66%, 15 source countries
    Nearest export strengthElectrical energy (exports USD 1.7bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 14m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 35m
    Public buyers in the family25 awards from 15 buyers. Most frequent: Magyar Közút Nonprofit Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 262m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 47 per cent (1); Slovakia supplies 66 per cent (2).

    USD 262mup 116% on 2022
  3. 3

    Wood: coniferous species, of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled...HS 440712

    Comes fromSlovakia 52%, 18 source countries
    Nearest export strengthWood: windows, French-windows and their frames: (of other than... (exports USD 116m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 4m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 69m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 125m, top 15 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 10 per cent (3); Slovakia supplies 52 per cent (1).

    USD 125mdown 42% on 2022
  4. 4

    Machinery: parts of machinery of heading no. 8422HS 842290

    Comes fromGermany 64%, 45 source countries
    Nearest export strengthMachinery: parts of machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or... (exports USD 19m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 54m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 110m
    Public buyers in the family2 awards from 2 buyers. Most frequent: Bay Zoltán Alkalmazott Kutatási Közhasznú Nonprofit Korlátolt Felelősségű Társaság

    Score 6 of 8: import bill USD 111m, top 17 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 21 per cent (2); Germany supplies 64 per cent (2).

    USD 111mup 83% on 2022
  5. 5

    Aluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm, alloys, rectangular (including square)HS 760612

    Comes fromGermany 40%, 36 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAluminium: plates, sheets and strip, thickness exceeding 0.2mm, (not... (exports USD 47m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 194m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 455m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 50 per cent (1); Germany supplies 40 per cent (1).

    USD 455mdown 6% on 2022
  6. 6

    Machines and mechanical appliances: parts, of those having individual functionsHS 847990

    Comes fromGermany 48%, 60 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPumps and compressors: parts, of air or vacuum pumps, air or other... (exports USD 129m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 155m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 862m
    Public buyers in the family6 awards from 4 buyers. Most frequent: Magyar Agrár-, Élelmiszergazdasági és Vidékfejlesztési Kamara

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 280m, top 6 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 30 per cent (1); Germany supplies 48 per cent (1).

    USD 280mup 23% on 2022
  7. 7

    Machinery: catalytic converters or particulate filters, whether or not combined, for purifying or filtering exhaust...HS 842132

    Comes fromGermany 41%, 29 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 3m; 5 more lines in the heading, USD 488m
    Public buyers in the family4 awards from 3 buyers. Most frequent: Fővárosi Vízművek Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 198m, top 9 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 33 per cent (1); Germany supplies 41 per cent (1).

    USD 198mup 220% on 2022
  8. 8

    Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa: in blocks, slabs or bars, (not filled), weighing 2kg or lessHS 180632

    Comes fromGermany 44%, 61 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 19m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 316m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 75m, top 24 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 25 per cent (2); Germany supplies 44 per cent (1).

    USD 75mup 44% on 2022
  9. 9

    Plastics: builders' ware, doors, windows and their frames and thresholds for doorsHS 392520

    Comes fromPoland 53%, 33 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 20m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 12m
    Public buyers in the family25 awards from 17 buyers. Most frequent: Magyar Közút Nonprofit Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság

    Score 5 of 8: import bill USD 63m, top 29 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 5 per cent (3); Poland supplies 53 per cent (1).

    USD 63mup 15% on 2022
  10. 10

    Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.c. in heading 7308HS 730890

    Comes fromGermany 17%, 47 source countries
    Nearest export strengthAluminium: structures (excluding prefabricated buildings of heading... (exports USD 129m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 328m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 74m
    Public buyers in the family13 awards from 11 buyers. Most frequent: MAVIR Magyar Villamosenergia-ipari Átviteli Rendszerirányító Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 456m, top 4 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 25 per cent (1).

    USD 456mdown 9% on 2022
  11. 11

    Food preparations: bakers' wares n.e.c. in heading no. 1605, whether or not containing cocoa: communion wafers, empty...HS 190590

    Comes fromGermany 20%, 69 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFood preparations: n.e.c. in item no. 2106.10 (exports USD 488m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 161m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 148m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 347m, top 5 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 30 per cent (1).

    USD 347mup 44% on 2022
  12. 12

    Plastics: plates, sheets, film, foil and strip (not self-adhesive), of polymers of ethylene, non-cellular and not...HS 392010

    Comes fromGermany 39%, 49 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPlastics: stoppers, lids, caps and other closures, for the... (exports USD 224m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 110m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 101m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 233m, top 8 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 34 per cent (1).

    USD 233mup 2% on 2022
  13. 13

    Sugars: sucrose, chemically pure, in solid form, not containing added flavouring or colouring matterHS 170199

    Comes fromAustria 21%, 33 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFlours, meals and pellets: of meat or meat offal, greaves (exports USD 32m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 55m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 187m, top 10 per cent of candidates (3); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 46 per cent (1).

    USD 187mup 32% on 2022
  14. 14

    Cigarettes: containing tobaccoHS 240220

    Comes fromPoland 59%, 19 source countries
    Nearest export strengthWaters: including mineral and aerated, containing added sugar or... (exports USD 356m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 14m
    Public buyers in the familynone matched to this product family

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 183m, top 10 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 45 per cent (1); Poland supplies 59 per cent (1).

    USD 183mup 23% on 2022
  15. 15

    Instruments and apparatus: gas or smoke analysis apparatus, for physical or chemical analysisHS 902710

    Comes fromGermany 50%, 43 source countries
    Nearest export strengthnone named
    Exports of this lineUSD 56m
    Public buyers in the family25 awards from 13 buyers. Most frequent: Nemzeti Adó- és Vámhivatal

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 181m, top 10 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 45 per cent (1); Germany supplies 50 per cent (1).

    USD 181mup 111% on 2022
  16. 16

    Furniture: wooden, other than for office, kitchen or bedroom useHS 940360

    Comes fromPoland 50%, 60 source countries
    Nearest export strengthFurniture: parts, of wood (exports USD 95m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 64m; 4 more lines in the heading, USD 197m
    Public buyers in the family53 awards from 26 buyers. Most frequent: Tokaj-Hegyalja Egyetem

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 158m, top 12 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 45 per cent (1); Poland supplies 50 per cent (1).

    USD 158mup 8% on 2022
  17. 17

    Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking pressureHS 902620

    Comes fromGermany 55%, 57 source countries
    Nearest export strengthInstruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking variables of... (exports USD 47m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 36m; 1 more line in the heading, USD 21m
    Public buyers in the family1 award from 1 buyer. Most frequent: Rudolf Kalman Óbudai Egyetemért Alapítvány

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 130m, top 15 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 46 per cent (1); Germany supplies 55 per cent (1).

    USD 130mup 11% on 2022
  18. 18

    Plastics: tube, pipe and hose fittings (e.g. joints, elbows, flanges)HS 391740

    Comes fromGermany 49%, 61 source countries
    Nearest export strengthPlastics: monofilament, of plastics n.e.c. in heading no. 3916... (exports USD 22m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 56m; 6 more lines in the heading, USD 201m
    Public buyers in the family33 awards from 10 buyers. Most frequent: Fővárosi Vízművek Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 88m, top 22 per cent of candidates (2); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 33 per cent (1); Germany supplies 49 per cent (1).

    USD 88mdown 10% on 2022
  19. 19

    Parts & accessories suited for use solely/principally with machines of headings 8456-8465: n.e.c. in heading no. 8466HS 846693

    Comes fromGermany 66%, 44 source countries
    Nearest export strengthTransmission components: toothed wheels, chain sprockets and other... (exports USD 130m)
    Exports of this lineUSD 43m; 3 more lines in the heading, USD 90m
    Public buyers in the family13 awards from 7 buyers. Most frequent: MÁV Szolgáltató Központ Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 68m, top 27 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 41 per cent (1); Germany supplies 66 per cent (2).

    USD 68mup 11% on 2022
  20. 20

    Air conditioning machines: comprising a motor driven fan and elements for changing the temperature and humidity, of a...HS 841520

    Comes fromCzech Republic 73%, 30 source countries
    Nearest export strengthEngines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the... (exports USD 3.2bn)
    Exports of this lineUSD 1m; 2 more lines in the heading, USD 141m
    Public buyers in the family9 awards from 6 buyers. Most frequent: BKM Budapesti Közművek Nonprofit Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság

    Score 4 of 8: import bill USD 66m, top 28 per cent of candidates (1); proximity to Hungary's export strengths in the top 41 per cent (1); Czech Republic supplies 73 per cent (2).

    USD 66mup 26% on 2022

The bill and its path, the sources and their unit values, who exports the line well, the nearest strengths, the public buyers where a country publishes them, and the method. We reply by email. Privacy

One line per customs heading. Products Hungary already exports well and still imports are below, because they are a different conversation. No employment figures appear on this page, by decision.

Made here already, still imported

Scale conversations, not capability ones.

  • Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological... imports USD 3.3bn, exports USD 2.2bn, top source South Korea 35%
  • Engines: parts, suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition... imports USD 1.3bn, exports USD 529m, top source Germany 43%
  • Iron or steel: articles n.e.c. in heading 7326 imports USD 821m, exports USD 474m, top source Germany 28%
  • Vehicle parts: drive-axles with differential, whether or not provided with... imports USD 629m, exports USD 375m, top source Germany 59%
  • Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological... imports USD 317m, exports USD 67m, top source Turkey 97%
  • Plastics: plates, sheets, film, foil and strip, of plastics n.e.c. in heading... imports USD 302m, exports USD 59m, top source South Korea 73%
  • Aluminium: articles n.e.c. in heading 7616 imports USD 496m, exports USD 279m, top source Italy 22%
  • Electric accumulators: parts n.e.c. in heading no. 8507 imports USD 427m, exports USD 211m, top source Slovakia 28%
  • Pumps and compressors: parts, of air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas... imports USD 344m, exports USD 129m, top source China 35%
  • Communication apparatus (excluding telephone sets or base stations): machines... imports USD 2.1bn, exports USD 1.9bn, top source China 20%
How the twenty were chosen

Three scores, each from a field the record carries.

Import bill, 0 to 3, by percentile among the 1278 lines imported at USD 10m or more: above the median one point, top quarter two, top tenth three.

Proximity to export strengths, 0 to 3, on the same percentiles: the product-space method (Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabasi and Hausmann, Science 2007) on CEPII's BACI file of every bilateral trade flow for 2024, 157 countries and 5,388 products. Two products are close when the countries that export one well tend to export the other well. Only products in the upper half for proximity can enter the list at all: best placed is a proximity claim.

Supply concentration, 0 to 2: one point when a single country supplies 40 per cent or more, two at 60 per cent.

Public buyers, context only, never scored: 4,894 award notices from Tenders Electronic Daily (EU), 2025-11-03 to 2026-11-02, of which 2,521 were classified by the buyer as goods and 1,727 joined to a product family through a crosswalk we authored, because no official one exists. Only notices whose code names a specific product group are joined; broad division codes are left out. The join is a family, not an exact line, and the counts are a floor.

Scope. Manufactured goods, customs chapters 16 to 96, excluding ores, fuels and precious metals. Primary agriculture is out of scope for a page about manufacture.

What it cannot tell you

A map of where to look.

Trade data says what crossed the border, not why. Cost, scale, patents, tariffs and the plain fact that a supplier is good at it are all invisible here. The world file reconciles what each pair of countries reports, so a national customs file would differ in detail. Nothing on this page is a forecast or a promise.

Source: CEPII BACI, HS22, version 202601, years 2022 to 2024. Edition of 2026-11-03. The UK edition with its procurement and regional layers is at /made-here/.

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